Toyota Automotive Technical Training Series

Technical Articles
Toyota Series - Electrical
01 Electrical Fundamentals with questions.pdf file size 401KB
02 Electrical Circuits with questions.pdf file size 319KB
03 Electrical Components with questions.pdf file size 517KB
04 Analog vs Digital Meters with questions.pdf file size 35KB
05 Wire, Terminal and Connector Repair w/qu.pdf file size 270KB
06 Automotive Batteries with questions.pdf file size 741MB
07 Toyota Starting Systems with questions.pdf file size 870KB
08 Toyota Charging Systems with questions.pdf file size 850KB
09 Understanding Toyota Wiring Diagram.pdf file size 1.9MB
10 Electrical Diagnostic Tools.pdf file size 784KB
11 Diagnosing Body Electrical Problems.pdf file size 1.31MB
12 Semiconductors with questions.pdf file size 216KB
13 Transistors with questions.pdf file size 42KB
14 Computers / Logic Gates with questions.pdf file size 205KB
15 Overview of Sensors & Actuators w/quest.pdf file size 287KB
16 Electronic Transmission #1 - Operation.pdf file size 574KB 
17 Electronic Transmission #2 - Diagnosis w/quest.pdf file size 287KB
18 Shift Interlock System.pdf 241KB 
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Toyota All Models 1975-77 Drive Axles Repair Guide

DESCRIPTION

The axle assembly is hypoid gear type with a separate carrier housing. It comes in slightly different models for use in all Toyota vehicles. Two-pinion differential cases are one-piece design while four-pinion cases are two-piece design. The differential side bearing preload is set with adjusting nuts on all models. The pinion bearing preload can be set with a solid spacer and adjusting shim or with a collapsible spacer.

AXLE RATIO & IDENTIFICATION

Toyota uses only one basic type of axle assembly. Any differences in Removal & Installation or Overhaul procedures will be noted where they occur. To determine axle ratio, divide number of ring gear teeth by number of pinion gear teeth.
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Why Brake Repairs Needed? Don't Take Chances With Your Brakes - Repair Them Now!

Use Your Eyes & Ears to Inspect Your Brakes Visually inspect your brakes' condition at least every six months. Here are some things to look for: Brake Rotors (discs) should be inspected all the way around the surface and on both sides for any concentric scoring (grooves) or obvious defects. If defects are found, replace your rotors immediately. Any rotor discoloration may be a sign of overheating and an inspection by a brake repair professional is needed. Brake Pads will normally match rotor scoring but should also be inspected for uneven wear, breakage or cracking on the friction surface. Again, if defects are found, replace the pads immediately. Many cars also have brake pad sensors to warn of pad wear. If your car uses sensors, replace these at the same time as your pads. Brake Drums (if equipped) should also be inspected on a regular basis. Check for the same types of flaws as noted above. The drums should not have excessive grooves or have a deep "trough" dug into them where the shoes ride. Brake Shoes (if equipped) should be worn evenly and have no rivets protruding to the friction surface.

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Cooling System Repairs: It's Easy to Prevent Breakdowns BEFORE They Happen

Cooling systems can be your best friend when operating efficiently. Cooling system repairs . . . your worst enemy if you don't understand how your cooling system works.
Your cooling system performs a critical function. Simply put, it maintains proper engine temperature by circulating coolant through the engine to pick up heat and passing it through a radiator to cool it with air. The coolant passes through a thermostat valve to control flow and possibly over a temperature sensor which controls external air cooling fans.
Cooling systems consist of three main parts:
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Fuel Pumps & Fuel Injection Repairs

The electric fuel pump is the heart of every electronic fuel injection system. Let's review the basics of this critical fuel injection part. Usually located inside or near the fuel tank, the fuel pump's job is twofold: 1) To push fuel from the tank to the injectors, and 2) To create sufficient pressure so the injectors will deliver the correct amount of fuel under all operating conditions. The pressure developed by the pump, as well as the volume of fuel it flows, must both meet the vehicle manufacturers' requirements or engine performance, economy and emissions will suffer. The amount of fuel pressure required for a given application will vary depending on the type of injection system (L-Jetronic, CIS, Motronic, etc.), the flow characteristics of the injectors and the engine's fuel requirements. For example, certain Audi models with Bosch Motronic require 55 to 61 psi (3.8 to 4.2 BAR) of static pressure measured with the engine off. By comparison, a BMW may require 43 psi (3.0 BAR) on some models or 48 psi (3.3 BAR) on others. The differences may not seem like much, but a few pounds of fuel pressure can have a significant impact on engine performance and emissions.

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Engine Knock? Low Oil Pressure? How To Diagnose Needed Repairs

Oil pressure light flickering? Engine knock? Both? Major repair problem or minor annoyance? Either way, you should always quickly investigate the source before it becomes an even bigger problem.
Oil pressure - or more precisely the lack of it - in certain parts of your car's engine can become a major repair nightmare. All engines lose a certain amount of oil pressure over time as normal wear increases bearing clearances. But unusually low oil pressure in an engine, regardless of mileage, is often an indication that something is seriously wrong and requires immediate repairs.
That "tappet" noise may be only one sticking lifter but it may also indicate an oil flow problem that will eventually cause damage to at least one valve.
A flickering oil light is more difficult to troubleshoot if your engine is not obviously in need of major repair work.
Modern engines with hydraulic lifters, tight tolerance bearings and miniature oil filters require conscientious monitoring of oil pressure.
The following diagnostic tips (excerpted from "Troubleshooting Low Oil Pressure", Underhood Service, 10/97) will help you determine whether you have a major repair problem or just a minor annoyance.
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Tuneup & Auto Maintenance Tips to Lengthen Your Import Car's Life

Tuneup - an old-fashioned maintenance term that's nearly non-existent today. With electronic ignition and fuel injection came computers that took over control of engine settings. Early versions allowed for some tinkering, but today's engines require advanced equipment and training. You can, however, replace normal maintenance parts and still see improved engine performance. Here are common maintenance parts you can replace to significantly increase performance and reduce major problems: Basic Ignition Parts Spark Plugs: Spark plugs are good indicators of engine condition. Removing and inspecting spark plugs tell you a lot about how well the engine is running and what may be causing problems. All spark plugs should be removed and checked every 30,000 miles - even if your car is "low maintenance" - you're told to change spark plugs at 100,000 miles. This prevents the plugs from seizing in the block, causing expensive repairs down the road. Always note which plug came from which cylinder. This tells you if a particular cylinder has a problem. BEWARE: New spark plugs can make a difference in your car's performance but only if replaced with the appropriate OE replacement plug.

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